

Research
The PSU-Turbulence Lab is dedicated to pushing the boundaries of knowledge in fluid mechanics and thermal sciences. We are committed to cutting-edge research that tackles complex phenomena, with a focus on:
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Urban Environmental Flows: Analyzing heat transfer and air pollutant dispersion in cities.
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Bio-Inspired Engineering: Developing innovative strategies for turbulent drag reduction.
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Renewable Energy Systems: Investigating the complex dynamics of large-scale wind farms.
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Leveraging advanced Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), our team aims to make significant contributions to fundamental science while addressing pressing real-world challenges in sustainability and engineering.
Publications
[27] Zhu X, Viggiano B, Minnick BA, Gayme DF. Restricted nonlinear simulations of flow over riblets: Characterizing drag reduction and its breakdown. International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, 2025, 116: 109862. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2025.109862
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[26] Yang J, Yang X, Liu L, Zhu J, Zhu X. Impact of Roughness Spanwise Wavelength on Secondary Flow Rearrangement. Journal of Fluids Engineering, 2025, 147(8). https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4067791
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[25] Guo B, Li L, Zhu X, Wang Z, Chen M, Pei L, Guo T. Identifying the effect of architecture morphology on wind fields and PM2.5 dispersion at the urban block scale via a combined scheme. Urban Climate. 2025 Jun 1; 61:102443. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102443
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[24] Guo B, Chen M, Zhu X, Wang Z, Li L, Pei L, Chen H, Chen P, Guo T. Exploring the effect of the architecture morphology on urban ventilation at block scale using CFD-GIS and random forest combined method. Sustainable Cities and Society. 2025 Mar 15; 122:106241.
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[23] Xu HH, Park GI, Yang XI, Zhu X. The hydraulically smooth limit of flow over surfaces with spanwise heterogeneity. International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow. 2024 Oct; 109:109513.
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[22] Wu Y, Yang J, Andersson HI, Chen J, Zhu X. On the transitional wake past a streamwise rotating prolate spheroid. Physics of Fluids. 2024 Jun 1;36(6).
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[21] Xiao S, Liang Y, Zhu X, Kyes S, Cai X. Are vehicle tires major contributors to microplastic emissions into the China seas? A simple model perspective. Science of The Total Environment. 2024 Feb 19:171003.
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[20] Guo B, Xie T, Zhang W, Wu H, Zhang D, Zhu X, Ma X, Wu M, Luo P. Rasterizing CO2 emissions and characterizing their trends via an enhanced population-light index at multiple scales in China during 2013–2019. Science of The Total Environment. 2023 Dec 20; 905:167309.
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[19] Guo B, Wang Z, Pei L, Zhu X, Chen Q, Wu H, Zhang W, Zhang D. Reconstructing MODIS aerosol optical depth and exploring dynamic and influential factors of AOD via random forest at the global scale. Atmospheric Environment. 2023 Dec 15;315:120159.
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[18] Minnick BA, Zhu X, Gayme DF. Restricted nonlinear scales of turbulent secondary flows over spanwise heterogeneous roughness. International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow. 2023 Dec 1; 104:109212.
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[17] Zhang W, Yang XI, Zhu X, Wan M, Chen S. Asymmetric secondary flows above geometrically symmetric surface roughness. Journal of Fluid Mechanics. 2023 Sep; 970:A15.
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[16] Jia R, Yang J, Zhu X, Xu F, Wang L. A study on the gaseous radionuclide dispersion in the highway across urban blocks: Effects of the urban morphology, roadside vegetation and leakage location. Sustainable Cities and Society. 2023 Aug 1; 95:104617.
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[15] Chen PE, Zhu X, Shi Y, Yang XI. Quantifying uncertainties in direct-numerical-simulation statistics due to wall-normal numerics and grids. Physical Review Fluids. 2023 Jul 10;8(7):074602.
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[14] Guo B, Wu H, Pei L, Zhu X, Zhang D, Wang Y, Luo P. Study on the spatiotemporal dynamic of ground-level ozone concentrations on multiple scales across China during the blue sky protection campaign. Environment International. 2022 Dec 1; 170:107606.
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[13] Guo B, Zhang W, Pei L, Zhu X, Luo P, Duan W. Remote Sensing Evidence for Significant Variations in the Global Gross Domestic Product during the COVID-19 Epidemic. Sustainability. 2022 Nov 16;14(22):15201.
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[12] Guo B, Bian Y, Pei L, Zhu X, Zhang D, Zhang W, Guo X, Chen Q. Identifying population hollowing out regions and their dynamic characteristics across central China. Sustainability. 2022 Aug 9;14(16):9815.
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[11] Zhang W, Zhu X, Yang XI, Wan M. Evidence for Raupach et al.'s mixing-layer analogy in deep homogeneous urban-canopy flows. Journal of Fluid Mechanics. 2022 Aug; 944:A46.
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[10] Yang J, Zhu X, Liu M, Wang C, Wu Y, Shen Z. Wake bifurcations behind two circular disks in tandem arrangement. Physical Review Fluids. 2022 Jun 30;7(6):064102.
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[9] Wang Z, Yang J, Andersson HI, Zhu X, Wu Y, Wang L, Liu M. Characteristics of the wake of an inclined prolate spheroid in uniform shear flow. Physics of Fluids. 2022 May 1;34(5).
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[8] Altland S, Zhu X, McClain S, Kunz R, Yang X. Flow in additively manufactured super-rough channels. Flow. 2022 Jan; 2:E19.
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[7] Wang Z, Yang J, Andersson HI, Zhu X, Liu M, Wang L, Lu X. Numerical investigation on the flow around an inclined prolate spheroid. Physics of fluids. 2021 Jul 1;33(7).
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[6] Xu F, Yang J, Zhu X. A comparative study on the difference of CFD simulations based on a simplified geometry and a more refined BIM based geometry. AIP Advances. 2020 Dec 1;10(12).
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[5] Yang J, Li A, Zhu X, Liu X, Shen Z. Numerical study on the hydrodynamic performance of a novel electroplating cell with jet array and crossflow. Transactions of the IMF. 2020 Jan 2;98(1):42-7.
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[4] Liu M, Xie C, Yang J, Zhu X, Yao M. Numerical study on the flow over two circular disks in tandem arrangement. Physics of Fluids. 2019 Mar 1;31(3).
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[3] Zhu X, Anderson W. Turbulent flow over urban-like fractals: prognostic roughness model for unresolved generations. Journal of Turbulence. 2018 Dec 2;19(11-12):995-1016.
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[2] Yang J, Liu M, Wang C, Zhu X, Zhang A. Numerical study on uniform-shear flow over a circular disk at low Reynolds numbers. Physics of Fluids. 2018 Aug 1;30(8).
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[1] Zhu X, Iungo GV, Leonardi S, Anderson W. Parametric study of urban-like topographic statistical moments relevant to a priori modelling of bulk aerodynamic parameters. Boundary-Layer Meteorology. 2017 Feb;162(2):231-53.
Thesis
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[2] Eltzroth, Max. Direct Numerical Simulation of Unstably Stratified Turbulent Flow Over Riblets. MS thesis. Portland State University, 2025. https://doi.org/10.15760/etd.4029​
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[1] Meman, Shaho Zana. Analysis of Velocity Profiles in Portland-Metro Urban Geometry. Undergraduate Honor Thesis, Portland State University, 2024. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/honorstheses/1602/
